Showing posts with label prizes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label prizes. Show all posts

Thursday, February 24, 2011

Prize Amount

Year Comment Amount
1901   150,782
1902   141,847
1903   141,358
1904   140,859
1905   138,089
1906   138,536
1907   138,796
1908   139,800
1909   139,800
1910   140,703
1911   140,695
1912   140,476
1913   143,010
1914   146,900
1915   149,223
1916   131,793
1917   133,823
1918   138,198
1919   133,127
1920   134,100
1921   121,573
1922   122,483
1923   114,935
1924   116,719
1925   118,165
1926   116,960
1927   126,501
1928   156,939
1929   172,760
1930   172,947
1931   173,206
1932   171,753
1933   170,332
1934   162,608
1935   159,917
1936   159,850
1937   158,463
1938   155,007
1939   148,822
1940   138,570
1941   131,496
1942   131,891
1943   123,691
1944   121,841
1945   121,333
1946 The Foundation is granted tax exemption 121,524
1947   146,115
1948   159,773
1949   156,290
1950   164,304
1951   167,612
1952   171,135
1953 The Foundation's investment rules are changed 175,293
1954   181,647
1955   190,214
1956   200,123
1957   208,629
1958   214,559
1959   220,678
1960   225,987
1961   250,233
1962   257,220
1963   265,000
1964   273,000
1965   282,000
1966   300,000
1967   320,000
1968   350,000
1969 The Prize in Economic Sciences is added 375,000
1970   400,000
1971   450,000
1972   480,000
1973   510,000
1974   550,000
1975   630,000
1976   681,000
1977   700,000
1978   725,000
1979   800,000
1980   880,000
1981   1,000,000
1982   1,150,000
1983   1,500,000
1984   1,650,000
1985   1,800,000
1986   2,000,000
1987   2,175,000
1988   2,500,000
1989   3,000,000
1990   4,000,000
1991   6,000,000
1992   6,500,000
1993   6,700,000
1994   7,000,000
1995   7,200,000
1996   7,400,000
1997   7,500,000
1998   7,600,000
1999   7,900,000
2000   9,000,000
2001   10,000,000

Nobel Stamps

In 1946 the first stamp portraying Alfred Nobel was released. After that a few set of stamps have commemorated institutions and buildings associated with the Nobel Prize. It was not until fifteen years later, however, that Sweden Post Stamps decided to commemorate Nobel Prize winners in a yearly edition of stamps. In 1961 the Nobel annual series was established.

Diplomas

According to the Statutes of the Nobel Foundation, given by the King in Council on June 29, 1900, "the prize-awarding bodies shall present to each prize-winner an assignment for the amount of the prize, a diploma, and a gold medal bearing the image of the testator and an appropriate inscription."
The medals for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine and Literature were modeled by the Swedish sculptor and engraver Erik Lindberg and the Peace medal by the Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland. The medal for the Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (established in 1968 in connection with the 300th anniversary of the Bank of Sweden), was designed by Gunvor Svensson-Lundqvist.
The front side of the three "Swedish" medals (Physics and Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature) is the same, featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death in Latin - NAT-MDCCC XXXIII OB-MDCCC XCVI. Alfred Nobel's face on the Peace medal and on the medal for the Economics Prize has different designs. The main inscription on the reverse side of all three "Swedish" Nobel Prize medals is the same: "Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per artes,"while the images vary according to the symbols of the respective prize-awarding institutions. The Peace medal has the inscription "Pro pace et fraternitate gentium" and the Economics medal has no quotation at all on the reverse.
Up to 1980 the "Swedish" medals, each weighing approximately 200 g and with a diameter of 66 mm, were made of 23-karat gold. Since then they have been made of 18-karat green gold plated with 24-karat gold.
Today the "Swedish" medals are cast by Myntverket - the Swedish Mint - in Eskilstuna and the Peace medal by Den Kongelige Mynt - the Royal Mint - in Kongsberg, Norway.
The Nobel medals have had the same design since 1902. Why not since 1901, when the first Prizes were awarded? In early 1901 the young and talented Swedish sculptor and engraver Erik Lindberg - later Professor Erik Lindberg - had been entrusted with the task of creating the three "Swedish" Nobel medals, while the Norwegian medal - the Peace medal - had been entrusted to the Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland. The designs of the reverse sides of the "Swedish" Nobel medals were not finalized in time for the first Award Ceremony in 1901. We gather from Erik Lindberg's correspondence with his father Professor Adolf Lindberg that each of the 1901 Laureates received a "temporary" medal - a medal bearing the portrait of Alfred Nobel, cast in a baser metal - as a memento until the "real" medals were finished. The first of these medals was not completed and cast until September 1902.
During the years 1901-1902 Erik Lindberg was living in Paris. He was influenced by modern French medal engravers of that period, such as the masters Roty, Chaplain, Tasset and Vernon. The portrait on the front of the Swedish medals was completed in time. It was reduced in October 1901 at Janvier's in Paris and the final punching took place in Stockholm. The reason for the delay was that the symbols on the reverse of the medals had to be approved by each prize awarding institution, which was not without controversy. After lengthy discussions by letter, Erik Lindberg decided to return to Stockholm in November 1901 in order to present his ideas in person. His proposals were then all accepted, and he was finally able to produce the plaster casts for the reverse sides, which were then reduced for the final metal-stamping dies.
As Gustav Vigeland was a sculptor and not a medal engraver, Erik Lindberg was asked to make the dies for the Peace medal. His reductions were based on Vigeland's designs.
On all "Swedish" Nobel medals the name of the Laureate is engraved fully visible on a plate on the reverse, whereas the name of the Peace Laureate as well as that of the Winner for the Economics Prize is engraved on the edge of the medal, which is less obvious. For the 1975 Economics Prize winners, the Russian Leonid Kantorovich and the American Tjalling Koopmans, this created problems. Their medals were mixed up in Stockholm, and after the Nobel Week the Prize Winners went back to their respective countries with the wrong medals. As this happened during the Cold War, it took four years of diplomatic efforts to have the medals exchanged to their rightful owners.
On December 10 at the Prize Awarding Ceremony in Stockholm, His Majesty the King hands each Laureate a diploma and a medal. The Peace Prize, i.e. diploma and medal, is presented on the same day in Oslo by the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of the King of Norway. The Irish poet William Butler Yeates wrote the following in "The Bounty of Sweden" (The Cuala Press, Dublin, 1925) after receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923:
"All is over, and I am able to examine my medal, its charming, decorative, academic design, French in manner, a work of the nineties. It shows a young man listening to a Muse, who stands young and beautiful with a great lyre in her hand, and I think as I examine it, 'I was good-looking once like that young man, but my unpractised verse was full of infirmity, my Muse old as it were; and now I am old and rheumatic, and nothing to look at, but my Muse is young'."

Medals

The festival day of the Nobel Foundation is on the 10th of December, the anniversary of the death of the testator. The Prize Award Ceremony for the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine and Literature as well as for the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel - takes place at the Stockholm Concert Hall. At this event, His Majesty the King of Sweden, hands each Laureate a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the Prize amount, which in 1999 will total SEK 7.9 million (about USD 1 million) per full Prize.The Nobel Peace Prize is presented on the same day at the Oslo City Hall by the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of the King of Norway.
The prize-awarding bodies decide the design of the diplomas. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is responsible for the Physics and Chemistry diplomas, and since 1969 also for the Economic Sciences diploma. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet is responsible for the Physiology or Medicine diploma, the Swedish Academy for the Literature diploma and the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the diploma presented to the winners of the Peace Prize. Nowadays, the "Swedish" diplomas have a uniform binding, provided by the bookbindery Fälth & Hässler (earlier Hässlers Bokbinderi). This was not the case initially, since the various prize committees decided the artistic design of the diplomas based on their own wishes and resources. The Refsum bookbinding firm was responsible for binding the "Norwegian" diplomas until 1986, when the bookbinding firm of Kjell-Roger Josefson took over. The artistic design of the diplomas has varied over the years (see Register of artists), but the text has always followed the same pattern in the Swedish and Norwegian languages, respectively. The "Swedish" diplomas largely carry the same text, stating the person or persons to whom the prize-awarding body has decided to present the year’s Prize plus a citation explaining why. The Norwegian diploma, on the other hand, has never included a Prize citation.

The Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize is the first international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, l iterature and peace. The prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma, and a prize amount.
In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.
In the beginning, more than three prize winners could share a Nobel Prize, although this was never practiced. Paragraph four of the Statutes of the Nobel Foundation was amended in 1968, restricting the number of prizewinners to only three.
Previously, a person could be awarded a prize posthumously if the nomination was made before February 1 of the same year. Since 1974, the Prize may only go to a deceased person who has been named as prize winner for the year (usually in October) but who dies before the Prize Awarding Ceremony on December 10.